Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Practice Exam

What is the recommended action if a patient has a GCS of less than 8?

1. Begin psychological evaluation

2. Intubate the patient

3. Monitor them closely without intervention

4. Refer to a specialist

The correct answer is: Intubate the patient

When a patient presents with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 8, this indicates a severe level of impairment in consciousness and raises significant concerns regarding the protection of the airway. A GCS below 8 suggests that the patient may not be able to maintain an adequate airway or have the ability to protect their own airway due to reduced consciousness or neurological function. Intubating the patient is critical in this situation to ensure that the airway remains open and that breathable air can reach the lungs, thereby preventing potential airway obstruction. By intubating, healthcare providers increase the likelihood of maintaining adequate ventilation and oxygenation, which is vital for the patient's safety and stabilization. The other suggested actions would not address the immediate risk of airway compromise associated with a low GCS. For example, psychological evaluation, monitoring without intervention, or referring to a specialist do not provide the necessary and urgent airway management that a patient in this condition requires. Therefore, intubation is the most appropriate and recommended course of action in cases where the GCS is less than 8 in order to secure the airway and ensure adequate respiratory function.